PENGARUH PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP EKOFISIOLOGI TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Distinction in oil palm growth and productivity are caused by the interaction of genotypes and the environment. Therefore, environmental changes, especially climate change, have a negative impact on oil palm growth and production. Climate change that affects oil palm yields in the tropics and sub-tropics consists of two important factors, namely water availability and temperature. The first impact of a period of water deficit is a decrease in gas exchange, during the dry season photosynthesis can be inhibited due to an increase in water pressure deficit which causes stomata to close. The dry season is associated with high temperatures, which causes a decrease in photochemical efficiency temperature, decreased photosynthesis and decreased transpiration. Water deficit affects oil palm male flower production. High temperatures increase photorespiration and dark respiration so that the total biomass production decreases. Oil palm breeding program must be a multidisciplinary effort that involves molecular tools, understanding the response of oil palm cultivation to limiting conditions caused by abiotic.