A DEMAM TIFOID

Abstract

Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella enteritidis, gram-negative bacteria. Transmission occurs through contaminated food or water and direct contact with the feces or urine of sufferers. This infection is often associated with poor sanitation. Symptoms of typhoid fever include prolonged fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, and decreased consciousness. Blood culture is the standard diagnostic method, but is not always practical due to cost and time. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe, with potential complications such as intestinal perforation and systemic disorders. Globally, typhoid fever causes around 21 million cases per year, with a high prevalence in developing countries. In Indonesia, the highest prevalence occurs in children aged 5–14 years. This disease is caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria which can survive in the environment and is transmitted through contaminated food or water. The main treatment involves antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and fluoroquinolones, although antibiotic resistance is increasing. Therapy should be carried out for 10 days or until 5 days after the fever has resolved. Prevention includes good sanitation, personal hygiene, and vaccination, especially for travelers to endemic areas. Typhoid fever is a serious infection that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Prevention through sanitation, hygiene, and vaccination is essential to reduce the prevalence and complications of the disease.