Hiperkolesterolemia pada Anak dan Remaja

Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolemia, a major cause of premature cardiovascular disease, is a lipid metabolism disorder that affects the pediatric population. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Currently, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia continues to increase throughout the world. According to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 20% of patients aged 12-19 years show lipid disorders. Diagnosis in children is best established by detection of the mutation causing familial hypercholesterolemia, which is the gold standard for diagnosis. According to the literature, if the patient has no risk factors, the approach or screening should depend on age. The Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology guidelines recommend that all children and adolescents engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least one hour a day and limit sedentary activities, including television, internet, and video games, to <2 hours a day. Statins are the preferred pharmacologic therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia. Because the first functional and morphological changes of the arterial wall occur in childhood, there is universal agreement that treatment should be initiated at a young age.